Bashscripts.org

#!/bin/sh
################################################################################
# burnvideo/ripvideo - burn and rip DVD videos
#
# This is actually two programs combined into one.  The script is saved as
# '/usr/local/bin/burnvideo', and then a 'ripvideo' symlink is made in the same
# directory.  Example:
#    ln -s burnvideo /usr/local/bin/ripvideo
#
# Requirements:
#   Linux OS
#   dvdbackup  growisofs  mkisofs    <-- might have to install these
#   cat  dd  isosize  fold  grep  mkdir  mount  rm  rmdir  sed  tac  tr umount
#
# NOTE: This is a Linux only program, due to probing the /proc directory for
# device info.  For the external programs, the first three programs may have
# to be installed, while the rest are standard programs and shipped with the
# majority of Linux distros.
#
#
# Written by CTWaley (aka, thegeekster),  (c) February 2006
#
# You may do anything you want with this script, as long as the line directly
# above remains with it.  Which means, give credit where credit is due!
#
################################################################################

## This is the directory to place the temporary video image when burning discs.
## It should be located in a partition with plenty of room to hold the image.
VIDTMP="/home/fun/video/tmp"

###### DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS POINT ############################################

## Since we'll be creating files, and possibly directories, make sure we have
## sane permissions
umask 0022
readonly PROG=${0##*/}

## Assigning aliases for easier typing and not forgetting some needed options:
alias echo="echo -e"
alias fold="fold -s"
alias growisofs="growisofs -dvd-compat \
                           -use-the-force-luke=wrvfy,noload,dao \
                           -speed=1"
alias sed="sed -r"
alias toUpper="tr [[:lower:]] [[:upper:]]"

## The hex value '\x1b' is the same as the more familiar octal value '\033',
## which represents the <Esc> key on the keyboard
B="\x1b[1m"  # Bold
b="\x1b[0m"  # Unbold  (actually 'undo' whatever was 'done' in the first place)

## These two help identify what the hex values we're using mean"
TAB="\x09"
LF="\x0a"

## CD/DVD drive info using the /proc filesystem instead of 'cdrecord -scanbus'
DEVINFO="$(sed -n '/drive name:/,/DVD-RAM/p' </proc/sys/dev/cdrom/info | sed "s/$TAB+/$TAB/g")"
## Arrays to hold the results of the DEVINFO query.  Note - We must reverse the
## results in case there's more than one valid device.  The dev/cdrom/info lists
## the devices in reverse order, such as:
##   drive name:             sr1     sr0
##
## Useful lines to check for in '/proc/sys/dev/cdrom/info' are:
##   drive name:
##   Can play audio:
##   Can write CD-R:
##   Can write CD-RW:
##   Can read DVD:
##   Can write DVD-R:
##   Can write DVD-RAM:
##
DRIVE=($(grep 'drive name:' <<<"$DEVINFO" | sed "s/.+:$TAB(.+)/\1/; s/$TAB/$LF/" | tac))
NUMDRIVE=${#DRIVE[@]}  ## Number of drives found
# Can read DVDs  (0 means 'no', 1 means 'yes')
READDVD=($(grep 'read DVD:' <<<"$DEVINFO" | sed "s/.+:$TAB(.+)/\1/; s/$TAB/$LF/" | tac))
# Can write DVDs  (0 means 'no', 1 means 'yes')
WRITEDVDR=($(grep 'write DVD-R:' <<<"$DEVINFO" | sed "s/.+:$TAB(.+)/\1/; s/$TAB/$LF/" | tac))
unset DEVINFO  ## We're done with this variable, so let's free up a little memory

##
##  Program functions
##
error_msg(){
    echo "\n===> $PROG: ERROR: $*" | fold >&2
}

warn_msg(){
    echo "\n===> WARNING: $*" | fold >&2
}

## Find the proper type of device asked for and assign to DEV, if it exists.
## Usage: find_dev ${READDVD[*]}   -or-   find_dev ${WRITEDVD[*]}
find_dev() {
    local -i SUB
    local -a TEMP=($1)
    ## Looping in case more than one drive found
    for ((SUB=0 ; SUB<NUMDRIVE ; SUB++))
    do  ## Find first value of 1, assign corresponding drive to DEV and return successful
        test ${TEMP[$SUB]} -eq 1  &&  export DEV=/dev/${DRIVE[$SUB]}  &&  return 0
    done
    ## Else found only 0(s) (not 1), so return unsuccessful
    return 1
}

## Find iso size.  Usage: find_size image|device
find_size(){
#    du -sb <"$1" | cut -f1
    isosize "$1"
}

## Random generator function, called from the rip_video() function. (Some of you
## might recognize this as a variation of "gen_pass()" from my version of a
## random password generator <http://bashscripts.org/viewtopic.php?p=808#808> ;-) )
mk_temp(){  ##  Usage:  VAR=$(mk_temp)
    local RNDDEV
    test -c /dev/urandom  &&  RNDDEV=/dev/urandom  ||  RNDDEV=/dev/random
    echo /tmp/ripvid.$(LC_ALL=C tr -dc "[:alnum:]" <$RNDDEV | head -c 6)
}

## Called from the burn_video() function, if needed.  Usage:  tmp_iso $SOURCE
tmp_iso(){
    local ISOINFO="$(isoinfo -d -i $SOURCE 2>/dev/null)"
    export IMAGE="$(sed -n 's/Volume id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO").tmp"

    ## Function that reads the raw data from a device, using 'dd'.
    ## NOTE; This function is based on a script called 'rawread' by Steve Litt,
    ## which can be found at "Coasterless CD Burning"
    ##    <http://www.troubleshooters.com/linux/coasterless.htm#rawread>:
    raw_read(){
        local -i BS COUNT

        BS=$(sed -n 's/Logical block size is: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")
        test -z "$BS"  &&  error_msg "No block size present\n"  &&  exit 1

        COUNT=$(sed -n 's/Volume size is: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")
        test -z "$COUNT"  &&  error_msg "No block count present\n"  &&  exit 1

        dd if=$1 bs=$BS count=$COUNT conv=notrunc,noerror > "$VIDTMP/$IMAGE"
        IMGSIZE="$(find_size $VIDTMP/$IMAGE)"  ## Finding image size for comparison
    }

    test ! -d "$VIDTMP"  &&  ## Making sure the temp directory exists
        { warn_msg "The directory, ${B}${VIDTMP}${b}, does not exist."
              return 1;}

    SRCSIZE="$(find_size $SOURCE)"  ## Finding the source size on the disc

    ## If an image already exists, is it the same size as what's on the disc?
    if [ -f "$VIDTMP/$IMAGE" ];then
        IMGSIZE="$(find_size $VIDTMP/$IMAGE)"
        test $IMGSIZE -ne $SRCSIZE  &&  ## If size mismatch, do it over
            { echo "Recreating temp image, ${B}${IMAGE}${b}..."
              raw_read "$SOURCE";}
    else  ## No image found
        echo "===> Creating temp image of ${B}${SOURCE}${b}..."
        raw_read "$SOURCE"
    fi

    test $IMGSIZE -ne $SRCSIZE  &&  ##  Double-checking for any size mismatches
        { warn_msg "There is a size mismatch between ${B}${SOURCE}${b} and ${B}$VIDTMP/${IMAGE}${b}.  This may mean there isn't enough room to create the image, or there may be hardware/software issues to be taken care of."
          return 1;}
    ## Reassigning SOURCE to the temp image
    SOURCE="$VIDTMP/$IMAGE"
    return 0
}

print_usage(){  ## Usage: print_usage
    if [ "$PROG" == "ripvideo" ];then
        echo "\n\tUsage:  $PROG /path/to/video/directory\n"
    elif [ "$PROG" == "burnvideo" ];then
        cat<<_USAGE_

    Usage:  $PROG [-c NUM] /my/video/directory
            $PROG [-c NUM] /my/video/filename.iso
The name given to the video will be the name of the directory/ISO given. NUM is
the number of copies to be made (optional).

_USAGE_
    fi
}

## This is an important function to determine what we need to do, based on the
## return code.  Usage: test_iso image|block device
test_iso(){
    isoinfo -i "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
    return $?

##  Some results of the return code.
:<<_RETURNS_
   0: target is ISO 9660 formatted
   1: target is not an ISO image, it is a file or corrupt image
   2: target does not exist
   5: target is audio formatted
   6: target is not an ISO, it is an empty device (no disc in tray)
  13: permission denied to open target  (fix perms or run as root)
  19: target is not an ISO, it is an unused character device
  21: target is not an ISO, it is a directory
  22: target is not an ISO, it is a blank/unformatted disc
  29: target is not an ISO, it is a character device
  30: target is unreadable (missing or bad)
255: target is too small to be a valid image
_RETURNS_
}

## 'burnvideo' program converted to a function.  Usage: burn_video "[email protected]"
burn_video(){
    ## Check for the existence of a DVD writer:
    find_dev "${WRITEDVDR[*]}"  ||
        { error_msg "No DVD writer found\n"  &&  exit 1;}

    ## See if we have 'growisofs'.  If not, say so and bail
    which growisofs >/dev/null 2>&1  ||
        { error_msg "Cannot find 'growisofs', which is needed for burning DVDs.\n"
          exit 1;}

    ## Does more than one disc need to be burned?  If so, chop off the
    ## option switch in $1 to see if NUM is appended to the switch
    case $1 in
        --copy*)  ## We'll only shift once here since NUM _must_ be appended
            test -z "${1/--copy=/}"  &&  ## If empty, say so and bail
            { error_msg "No number of copies specified in ${B}${1}${b}.\n"
              print_usage <&2  &&  exit 1;}
            NUM=${1/--copy=/}  &&  shift 1
        ;;
        -c*)
            if [ -z ${1/-c/} ]; then
                ## If empty, assign $2 to NUM and shift the command args twice
                NUM="$2"  &&  shift 2
                ## If still empty, say so and bail
                test -z "$NUM"  &&
                    { error_msg "Not enough arguments on the command line."
                      print_usage >&2  &&  exit 1;}
            else  ## It must not be empty, so we'll only need to shift once
                NUM="${1/-c/}"  &&  shift 1
            fi
        ;;
        *)  ## We don't have any request for more than one disc to burn
            NUM=1
        ;;
    esac

    ## Sanity checks
     # Okay let's see if we have a valid number to work with:
    [[ $NUM =~ [^[0-9]]* ]]  &&  ## If not all numbers, say so and bail
        { error_msg "${B}${NUM}${b} is not a valid, whole decimal number.\n"
          exit 1;}
     # Now, let's see if we have any args left after the shifting:
    test -z "$1"  &&
        { error_msg "Not enough arguments on the command line."
          print_usage >&2  &&  exit 1;}
     # Assign SOURCE before test if $1 exists (will also accept 'file:///' URLs):
    test "$1" == "."  &&  SOURCE="$(pwd)"  ||  SOURCE="$(sed 's|file:/{1,3}|/|' <<<"$1")"
     # Finally, if the last arg does not exist, say so and bail:
    test ! -e "$SOURCE"  &&
        { error_msg "${B}${SOURCE}${b} does not exist. Might be a typo.\n"  &&  exit 1;}

    ## This test is to see what action is needed, based on the return code:
    test_iso "$SOURCE"
    case $? in
        0)  #<--- We're dealing with a valid iso (either an image or block device)
            ## Sanity check
            test $(egrep '(AUDIO|VIDEO)_TS' <<<"$(isoinfo -p -i $SOURCE)" | wc -l) -ne 2  &&
                { error_msg "The ISO, ${B}${SOURCE##*/}${b}, does not contain a valid video directory structure.  You will need to make another one.  Make sure there is both a ${B}VIDEO_TS${b} and an ${B}AUDIO_TS${b} subdirectory present.\n"  &&  exit 1;}

            ## If the source is a block device (not an iso image) and more
            ## than one burn is requested, then create a temorary image.
            ## This will reduce the overall time it takes to produce the
            ## finished videos:
            if [ -b $SOURCE -a $NUM -gt 1 ];then
                tmp_iso $SOURCE  &&  eject $SOURCE 2>/dev/null  ||
                { echo -n "If you wish to continue, the copying will be done directly from drive to drive (on-the-fly).  However, the time to create the new discs will be much longer for each disc.  Do you wish to continue? [Y|n] " | fold
                  ## A 20-second timeout should be plenty of time to answer
                  read -t20
                  ## If reply equal "n[o]", abort:
                  [[ "$REPLY" =~ "^[nN][oO]?$" ]]  &&  echo "===> Aborting\n"  &&  exit 0;}
            fi;  unset REPLY
            SRCSIZE="$(find_size $SOURCE)"

            ## See if we have enough room to burn a 4.7G DVD:
            if [ $SRCSIZE -ge 4700000000 ]; then
                warn_msg "The source is too big to fit on a 4.7G DVD.  You will need a 'double-layer' disc, and a DVD writer that supports burning double-layered discs.  Do you wish to continue? [N|y] " | fold  &&  read -t20
                ## Reply must equal "y[es]", or abort:
                [[ "$REPLY" =~ "^[yY]([eE][sS])?$" ]]  ||  echo "===> Aborting\n"  &&  exit 0
            fi

            ## Looping for the number of discs to burn
            for ((INT=1 ; INT<=NUM ; INT++))
            do
                echo "${B}---> Starting disc $INT of ${NUM}:${b}"
                ## Feature - Insert blank disc before burning
                test_iso $DEV
                test $? -ne 22  &&
                    { eject $DEV 2>/dev/null
                      read -p "Place blank DVD in tray and press <Enter> to continue...";}

                ## Burn, baby, burn.....Or holler a warning if something goes wrong:
                growisofs -Z $DEV="$SOURCE"  ||
                    { warn_msg "Problem burning ISO image to disk. :-(\n"  &&  continue;}

                ## Sanity checks
                test_iso $DEV
                if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
                    warn_msg "This newly created disc is not a valid ISO 9660 formatted disc.  You will need to burn another one. :-("
                else
                    test $(find_size $DEV) -ne $SRCSIZE  &&
                        { warn_msg "This newly created disc is not the same size as the source.  You will need to burn another one. :-(";}
                fi
            done
        ;;
        1)  #<--- Probably an ordinary file, or corrupt image file
            error_msg "${B}${SOURCE}${b} is not an ISO 9660 formatted file.\n"  &&  exit 1
        ;;
        2)  #<--- File or device doesn't exist
            error_msg "No such file or device\n --> ${B}${SOURCE}${b} <--\n"  &&  exit 2
        ;;
        13) #<--- Not enough permissions
            error_msg "Not enough permissions to read ${B}${SOURCE}${b}.  Either fix the permissions problem, or run this script as root.\n"  &&  exit 13
        ;;
        21) #<--- We're dealing with a directory
            ## Sanity check
            test ! -d "${SOURCE}/VIDEO_TS" -o ! -d "${SOURCE}/AUDIO_TS"  &&
                { error_msg "The directory structure is incorrect for a video DVD.  There must be a ${B}VIDEO_TS${b} /AND/ ${B}AUDIO_TS${b} subdirectory present.  Also, make sure you supplied the correct path on the command line.\n"  &&  exit 1;}

            ## Extra growisofs options for burning from a directory tree
            ## and not an image:
            OPTS="-Z $DEV \
                  -dvd-video \
                  -volid '${SOURCE##*/}' \
                  -sysid '' \
                  -appid '' \
                  -preparer '' \
                  '$SOURCE'"

            ## Looping for the number of discs to burn
            for ((INT=1 ; INT<=NUM ; INT++))
            do
                echo "${B}---> Starting disc $INT of ${NUM}:${b}"
                ## Feature - Insert blank disc before burning
                test_iso $DEV
                test $? -ne 22  &&
                    { eject $DEV 2>/dev/null
                      read -p "Place blank DVD in tray and press <Enter> to continue...";}

                ## Burn, baby, burn.....Or holler a warning if something goes wrong:
                growisofs $OPTS  ||
                    { warn_msg "Problem burning ISO image to disk. :-(\n"  &&  continue;}

                ## Sanity check
                test_iso $DEV
                test $? -ne 0  &&
                    { warn_msg "This newly created disc is not a valid ISO 9660 formatted disc.  You will need to burn another one. :-(";}
            done
        ;;
        30) #<--- Either no DVD in tray or a corrupt DVD
             error_msg "Cannot read ${B}${SOURCE}${b}.  Make sure there's a DVD in the tray.\n"
             exit 30
        ;;
    esac

    ## Cleanup
    test "$IMAGE"  &&  rm -f "$VIDTMP/$IMAGE"

    echo "...Done"
}

## 'ripvideo' program converted to a function.  Usage: rip_video "[email protected]"
rip_video(){
    ## Check for the existence of a DVD drive:
    find_dev "${READDVD[*]}"  ||
        { error_msg "No DVD drive found.\n"  &&  exit 1;}

    ## See if we have 'dvdbackup'.  If not, say so and bail.
    ## NOTE:  Dvdbackup requires 'libdvdread'.  If you want to rip encrypted
    ## DVDs, such as retail ones, you will need to have 'libdvdcss'
    ## installed as well.
    which dvdbackup >/dev/null 2>&1  ||
        { error_msg "Cannot find 'dvdbackup', which is needed for ripping DVDs.\n"
          exit 1;}
    whereis libdvdcss | grep -q 'libdvdcss:$'  &&
        { warn_msg "Cannot find 'libdvdcss'.  This is required only for backing up encrypted DVDs, such as retail movie discs."
          read -t20 -p "Do you wish to continue? [Y|n]"
          [[ "$REPLY" =~ "^[nN][oO]?$" ]]  &&  echo "===> Aborting\n"  &&  exit 0;}
        unset REPLY

    ## Sanity check
    test -d "$1"  &&  DEST=${1%/}  ||  ## If destination isn't a directory, bail
        { error_msg "${B}${1}${b} is not a valid directory. Aborting operation.\n" >&2
          exit 1;}
    test "$DEST" == "."  &&  DEST=$(pwd)

    ## This test is to see what action is needed, based on the return code:
    test_iso "$DEV"
    case $? in
        0)  #<--- We're dealing with a valid iso (an image or block device)
            ## Instead of making multiple calls to 'isoinfo', make one call
            ## and save results.
            ISOINFO="$(isoinfo -d -i $DEV 2>/dev/null)"

            ## Now we'll start weeding out the desired info we saved:
             # For LABEL, we'll ask if the current one found is okay:
            LABEL="$(sed -n 's/Volume id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO" | toUpper)"
            LABEL="${LABEL//[^[:alnum:]]/_}"
            read -t20 -p "
Enter a name of your choosing for the video, or simply hit <Enter> to use the default [$LABEL]: "
            test "$REPLY"  &&  LABEL="$(toUpper <<<"${REPLY//[^[:alnum:]]/_}")"
            unset REPLY

             # The rest of the info we'll be needing for later:
            SYSID="$(sed -n 's/System id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            VOLSETID="$(sed -n 's/Volume set id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            PUBLISHER="$(sed -n 's/Publisher id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            COPYRIGHT="$(sed -n 's/Copyright File id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            BIBLIO="$(sed -n 's/Bibliographic File id: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            VOLSETSIZE="$(sed -n 's/Volume set size is: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"
            VOLSETSEQ="$(sed -n 's/Volume set sequence number is: (.+)/\1/p' <<<"$ISOINFO")"

            if [ "$LABEL" ];then  ## If we have a name, then it's a go
                ## Sanity check to make sure we don't overwrite an existing backup tree:
                if [ ! -d "$DEST/$LABEL/VIDEO_TS" ];then
                    echo "\n===> Backing up directory structure..."
                    ## Let 'er rip.  If somethng bad happens in the process, bail
                    dvdbackup -M -i $DEV -o "$DEST" -n $LABEL  ||
                        { RETVAL= $?  &&  echo "Aborting operation."  &&  exit $RETVAL;}
                else  ## Found an existing 'VIDEO_TS' directory
                    error_msg "${B}$DEST/$LABEL/VIDEO_TS${b} already exists and will not be overwritten.  Choose another destination, or remove ${B}$DEST/$LABEL/VIDEO_TS${b} to continue.\n"  &&  exit 1
                fi
                ## Make an 'AUDIO_TS' directory for backward compatibility
                ## on old DVD players.  Even if there was one on the
                ## original disc, dvdbackup doesn't bother with it, probably
                ## because it's always empty, nowadays.
                mkdir -p "$DEST/$LABEL/AUDIO_TS"  ||  exit $?
            else  ## If no name, bail
                error_msg "No name for ISO. Aborting operation.\n"  &&  exit 1
            fi

            ## For some retail DVDs, there might be extra stuff in it, so we
            ## might as well copy them, too:
            MOUNT=$(mk_temp)  &&  mkdir $MOUNT
            mount $DEV $MOUNT -t udf -o ro
            ( cd $MOUNT
              ls -A | egrep -iv 'video_ts|audio_ts' | while read
              do
                  test ! -f $DEST/$LABEL/$REPLY  &&  cp -R $REPLY $DEST/$LABEL
              done )
            sync && umount $MOUNT  &&  rmdir $MOUNT

             # Make sure filenames are uppercase:
            find $DEST/$LABEL | sort -r | while read
            do
                NEW="$(toUpper <<<${REPLY##*/})"
                test "${REPLY%/*}/$NEW" != "$REPLY"  &&  mv $REPLY ${REPLY%/*}/$NEW
            done

            ## Now we'll create an iso image of the backup for storage,
            ## using the info from the original disc:
            echo "\n===> Creating DVD image..."
            mkisofs -dvd-video \
                    -volid "$LABEL" \
                    -sysid "$SYSID" \
                    -appid "" \
                    -publisher "$PUBLISHER" \
                    -copyright "$COPYRIGHT" \
                    -biblio "$BIBLIO" \
                    -volset "$VOLSETID" \
                    -volset-size "$VOLSETSIZE" \
                    -volset-seqno "$VOLSETSEQ"\
                    -preparer "" \
                    -o "$DEST/$LABEL.dvd" \
                    "$DEST/$LABEL"  ||
                { RETVAL=$?  &&  echo "Aborting operation."  &&  exit $RETVAL;}

            ## Let's make sure we have a good image (more sanity checks)
            test_iso $DEST/$LABEL.dvd
            if [ $? -ne 0 ];then  ## If not good, bail
                { error_msg "The image, ${B}$LABEL.dvd${b}, is not a valid ISO 9660 image.  You will need to start over."  &&  exit 1;}
            else  ## If good, recheck for proper video structure
                ## This test may seem redundant and unnecessary, but I've
                ## acually burned a batch of DVDs with an incorect video
                ## tree in the image  :-\
                test $(egrep '(AUDIO|VIDEO)_TS' <<<"$(isoinfo -p -i $DEST/$LABEL.dvd)" |
                         wc -l) -ne 2  &&
                    { error_msg "The ISO, ${B}$LABEL.dvd${b}, does not contain a valid video directory structure.  You will need to make another one.  Make sure there is both a ${B}VIDEO_TS${b} and an ${B}AUDIO_TS${b} subdirectory present.\n"  &&  exit 1;}
            fi

            ## Another redundant sanity check before cleaning up  :-\
            test "$DEST/$LABEL" != "$DEST/"  &&   rm -rf "$DEST/$LABEL"

            ## Whew! Made it all the way....... :-D
            echo "\n===> Done. Saved DVD iso as: ${B}$DEST/$LABEL.dvd${b}\n"
        ;;
        1)  #<--- Probably an ordinary file, or corrupt image file
            error_msg "The disc in ${B}${DEV}${b} is not an ISO 9660 formatted disc.\n"
            exit 1
        ;;
        13) #<--- Not enough permissions
            error_msg "Not enough permissions to read ${B}${DEV}${b}.  Either fix the permissions problem, or run this script as root.\n"  &&  exit 13
        ;;
        22) #<--- An unformatted (blank) disc
            error_msg "The disc in ${B}${DEV}${b} is a blank disc.\n"
            exit 22
        ;;
        30) #<--- Either no DVD in tray or a corrupt DVD
            error_msg "Cannot read ${B}${DEV}${b}.  Make sure there's a DVD in the tray.\n"
            exit 30
        ;;
    esac
}

##################
#####  MAIN  #####
##################
test -z "$1"  &&
    { error_msg "No arguments given on command line."
      print_usage >&2  &&  exit 1;}

## checking for required 'mkisofs' program
which mkisofs >/dev/null 2>&1  ||
    { error_msg "Cannot find 'mkisofs'.\n"  &&  exit 1;}

case $PROG in  # How were we called?
    burnvideo)  burn_video "[email protected]"
    ;;
    ripvideo)   rip_video "[email protected]"
    ;;
    *)  ## Making sure the script hasn't been renamed accidently... ^_^
        echo "\n===> ERROR: This program has been renamed.  The proper name for this program is 'burnvideo', along with a symlink (in the same directory) pointing to it called 'ripvideo'.\n" | fold >&2
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

eject $DEV 2>/dev/null

exit 0

...blah-blah...

                ## Burn, baby, burn.....Or holler a warning if something goes wrong:
                growisofs -Z $DEV="$SOURCE"  ||
                    { warn_msg "Problem burning ISO image to disk. :-(\n"  &&  continue;}

...blah-blah...

                ## Burn, baby, burn.....Or holler a warning if something goes wrong:
                growisofs $OPTS  ||
                    { warn_msg "Problem burning ISO image to disk. :-(\n"  &&  continue;}

...blah-blah...

...blah-blah...

## Random generator function, called from the ripvideo() function. (Some of you
## might recognize this as a variation of "gen_pass()" from my version of a
## random password generator <http://bashscripts.org/viewtopic.php?p=808#808> ;-) )
mk_temp(){  ##  Usage:  VAR=$(mk_temp)
    local RNDDEV
    test -c /dev/urandom  &&  RNDDEV=/dev/urandom  ||  RNDDEV=/dev/random
    echo /tmp/ripvid.$(LC_ALL=C tr -dc "[:alnum:]" <$RNDDEV | head -c 6)
}

...blah-blah...

            ## For some retail DVDs, there might be extra stuff in it, so we
            ## might as well copy them, too:
            MOUNT=$(mk_temp)  &&  mkdir $MOUNT
            mount $DEV $MOUNT -t udf -o ro
            ( cd $MOUNT
              ls -A | egrep -iv 'video_ts|audio_ts' | while read
              do
                  test ! -f $DEST/$LABEL/$REPLY  &&  cp -R $REPLY $DEST/$LABEL
              done )
            sync && umount $MOUNT  &&  rmdir $MOUNT

...blah-blah...